The Portland Company was, for a time, the city's largest employer and many of its employees were immigrants from Canada, Ireland and Italy. The Portland Company, located on Fore Street, manufactured more than 600 19th-century steam locomotives, as well as engines for trains and boats, fire engines and other railroad transportation equipment. In 1853, upon completion of the Grand Trunk Railway to Montreal, Portland became the primary ice-free winter seaport for Canadian exports. Gun recovered from USS Maine on Munjoy Hill On June 2, 1855, the Portland Rum Riot occurred. In 1851, Maine led the nation by passing the first state law prohibiting the sale of alcohol except for "medicinal, mechanical or manufacturing purposes." The law subsequently became known as the Maine Law, as 18 states quickly followed. In 1832, the capital was moved north and east to Augusta. In 1820, Maine was established as a state with Portland as its capital. Portland's economy was greatly stressed by the Embargo Act of 1807 (prohibition of trade with the British), which ended in 1809, and the War of 1812, which ended in 1815. In 1786, the citizens of Falmouth formed a separate town in Falmouth Neck and named it Portland, after the isle off the coast of Dorset, England. Following the war, a section of Falmouth called The Neck developed as a commercial port and began to grow rapidly as a shipping center. On October 18, 1775, Falmouth was burned in the Revolution by the Royal Navy under command of Captain Henry Mowat. During King William's War, a raiding party of French and their native allies attacked and largely destroyed it again in the Battle of Fort Loyal (1690). In 1676, the village was destroyed by the Abenaki during King Philip's War. When the Massachusetts Bay Colony took over Casco Bay in 1658, the town's name changed again to Falmouth. The peninsula was settled in 1632 as a fishing and trading village named Casco. Fort Levett in the harbor is named for him. The explorer sailed from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony to meet John Winthrop in 1630, but never returned to Maine. Ultimately, the settlement was a failure and the fate of Levett's colonists is unknown. A member of the Council for New England and agent for Ferdinando Gorges, Levett built a stone house where he left a company of ten men, then returned to England to write a book about his voyage to bolster support for the settlement. Christopher Levett, an English naval captain granted 6,000 acres (2,400 ha) in 1623 to found a settlement in Casco Bay. Native Americans originally called the Portland peninsula Machigonne ("Great Neck"). Fort Casco, Portland, Maine, built by Wolfgang William Romer map by Cyprian Southack History įor a chronological guide, see Timeline of Portland, Maine. The Greater Portland area has emerged as an important center for the creative economy, which is also bringing gentrification. The word Portland is derived from the Old English word Portlanda, which means "land surrounding a harbor". In turn, the city of Portland, Oregon, was named after Portland, Maine. Portland was named after the English Isle of Portland.
The city seal depicts a phoenix rising from ashes, a reference to recovery from four devastating fires.
Despite the economic shift, the Port of Portland was still the second-largest tonnage seaport in New England as of 2019. The Old Port is a prominent neighborhood known for its nightlife and 19th-century architecture. Historically tied to commercial shipping, the marine economy, and light industry, Portland's economy in the 21st-century relies mostly on the service sector and tourism. The Greater Portland metropolitan area is home to over half a million people, the 104th-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Portland's population was 68,408 in April 2020. state of Maine and the seat of Cumberland County. Portland ( / ˈ p ɔːr t l ə n d/ PORT-lənd) is a port city and the most populous city in the U.S.
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